Solid Waste Management

The sanitary land fill is defined as a land disposal site employing an engineered method of disposing of solid wastes on land in a manner that minimizes environmental hazards by spreading the solid wastes to the smallest practical volume, and applying and compacting cover material at the end of each day.

The landfill is the most popular disposal option for municipal solid waste. Not only has it traditionally been the least cost disposal option, it is also a solid waste management necessity because no combination of reduction, recycling composting or incineration can currently manage the entire solid waste stream. Barring unforeseen technological advances, landfills always are needed to handle residual waste material.

Landfills produce gases comprised primarily of methane and carbon dioxide. Emissions are controlled to avoid explosive concentrations of methane or a build up of landfill gases that can rupture the cover liner or kill cover vegetation.

FARAN Process and Energy Engineering Company, cooperating with its Iranian and European joint ventures is able to provide design and construction of landfill plants, in both municipal and industrial solid waste application.

Compost is a humus-like material that results from the aerobic biological stabilization of the organic materials in solid waste. Compost is useful as a soil conditioner. In this role compost will: (1) improve soil structure, (2) increase moisture holding capacity, (3) reduce leaching of soluble nitrogen, and (4) increase the buffer capacity of the soil.

FARAN Process and Energy Engineering Company, cooperating with its Iranian and European joint ventures is able to provide design and construction of composting plants, in wide rang of capacities.

The reprocessing of wastes to recover an original raw material was formerly called salvage and is now called recycling. At its lowest and most appropriate technological level, the materials are separated at the source by the consumer. This is the most appropriate level because it requires the minimum expenditure of energy. With stringent goals for recycling, municipalities are looking at detailed recycling options.

Generally, the recycling options available to a municipality for residential use include:

•           Drop-off centers

•           Curbside collection

•           Material processing facility

•           Material transfer station

•           Leaf/yard waste compost

•           Bulky waste collection and processing

•           Tire recovery

Drop-off centers are the most common type of recycling in the nation. Because recycling is a community-specific operation, a drop-off system most be designed around and in consideration of condition particular to the area of involvement.

A second method of recycling is curbside collection. This has the advantage of being easier on the resident than having to drive to recycling center.

FARAN Engineering Company cooperating with its joint ventures is able to provide of design, procurement and construction of Recycling plants for treating municipal solid wastes.

Solid wastes placed in a sanitary landfill may undergo a number of biological, chemical, and physical changes. Aerobic and anaerobic decomposition of the organic matter results in both gaseous and liquid end products. Some materials are chemically oxidized.

Some solids are dissolved in water percolating through the fill.Because of the differential heads (slope of the piezometric surface), the water containing those dissolved substances move into the groundwater system. The result is gross pollution of the groundwater.  

FARAN Process and Energy Engineering Company cooperationg with Canadian joint ventures,design and manufacture prefabricated packages for treating the leachate produced in solid waste management facilities.