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FARAN Co.
Process And Energy Engineering Company
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Wastewater Treatment
Produced Water Treatment Plant :
In an under ground oil reservoir, crude oil normally lays on water which is called "formation water". As oil production fields mature, the production of water (known as produced water) can significantly increase. Produced water is normally heavily contaminated, apart from the water and oil; there can be heavy metals, dissolved and suspended solids, radioactive elements, sand, silt, paraffin, etc. While the international average water production is 3 barrels of water for every barrel of oil, more mature assets produce much higher water cuts. These ratios can approach 7:1 barrels of water per barrel of oil and higher. Due to high prices of oil, production needs to be maximized and one of the uses of this produced water is to re-inject it back into the reservoir in order to drive oil towards another producing oil well; this is called water flooding. Another use is to re-inject it into the formation below the oil layer in order to maintain reservoir pressure. Injecting water in the reservoir results, however, in a further increase of produced water. If the produced water is not required to do either of the above, then it maybe injected into another formation for disposal. Since the rocks are highly porous, the produced water to be injected must be free from solids, oil and scaling salts to avoid plugging of the formation rocks. There are several widely accepted techniques for removing oil from water. They include hydrocyclones, Induced gas floatation (IGF) units, Compact floatation unit, nutshell filters, coalescing plate interceptor(CPI), centrifuges, membrane technology, evaporators and media filters. FARAN Process and Energy Engineering Company cooperating with its European joint ventures is able to provide design, manufacturing and commissioning of a full range of products that could set the "state-of-the-art "solution in produced water and injection water treatment. Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant :
 The treatment of wastewater produced by many industrial processes has never been subjected to a similar level of environmental pressure than that found today, coming from the public, pressure groups and indeed public bodies of all kinds. FARAN Process and Energy Engineering Company can and does play a vital role in this area by bringing its unrivalled effluent treatment expertise into partnership with industry. It can help to reduce high treatment costs yet maintain high performance to meet the needs of modern plant processes and can also help to ensure that industry operates in harmony with its local environmental rules. Our range of industrial wastewater treatment solutions is applicable for wide variety of effluents generated by oil & gas refineries, petrolchemical, pharmaceutical, food processing, steel production and metal finishing, power plants, etc. Municipal Wastewater ( Sewage ) Treatment Plant :
 Sewage disposal is an area of great concern, particularly, over issues of public health and pollution in order to reduce the spreading of infection diseases borne by water and to reduce the impact of wastewater on the environment. FARAN Process and Energy Engineering Company has a firm process design and engineering capability that allows us to construct a full range of sewage treatment plants as a turnkey contracting or refurbishment and overhaul of existing facilities. Our processes include all stages of physics-chemical pre-treatment, biological treatment with complete BOD & COD removal and nitrogen / phosphorus removal and all kinds of possible post-treatment, where required. Our plants also incorporate sophisticated instrumentation and computer controlled process, which allow the monitoring and water quality control to ensure minimum environmental impact on receiving. Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, both runoff and domestic. It includes physical, chemical and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce a waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste or sludge also suitable for discharge or reuse back into the environment. This material is often inadvertently contaminated with toxic organic and inorganic compounds. Sewage is created by residences, institutions, and commercial and industrial establishments. It can be treated close to where it is created (in septic tanks or on site package plants and other aerobic treatment systems), or collected and transported via a network of pipes and pump stations to a municipal treatment plant. Sewage collection and treatment is typically subject to local, state and federal regulations and standards. Typically, sewage treatment involves three stages, called primary, secondary and tertiary treatment. First, the solids are separated from the wastewater stream. Then dissolved biological matter is progressively converted into a solid mass by using indigenous, water-borne bacteria. Finally, the biological solids are neutralized then disposed of or re-used, and the treated water may be disinfected chemically or physically (for example by lagoons and micro-filtration). The final effluent can be discharged into a stream, river, bay, lagoon or wetland, or it can be used for the irrigation of a golf course, green way or park. If it is sufficiently clean, it can also be used for groundwater recharge. Primary treatment removes the materials that can be easily collected from the raw wastewater and disposed of. The typical materials that are removed during primary treatment include to fats, oils, and greases (also referred to as FOG), sand, gravels and rocks (also referred to as grit), larger settleable solids including human waste, and floating materials. This step is done entirely with machinery, hence the name mechanical treatment. Secondary treatment is designed to substantially degrade the biological content of the sewage such as are derived from human waste, food waste, soaps and detergent. The majority of municipal and industrial plants treat the settled sewage liquor using aerobic biological processes. For this to be effective, the biota require both oxygen and a substrate on which to live. There are number of ways in which this is done. In all these methods, the bacteria and protozoa consume biodegradable soluble organic contaminants (e.g. sugars, fats, organic short-chain carbon molecules, etc.) and bind much of the less soluble fractions into floc. Secondary treatment systems are classified as fixed film or suspended growth. Fixed-film treatment process including trickling filters and rotating biological contactors where the biomass grows on media and the sewage passes over its surface. In suspended growth systems—such as activated sludge—the biomass is well mixed with the sewage and can be operated in a smaller space than fixed-film systems that treat the same amount of water. However, fixed-film systems are more able to cope with drastic changes in the amount of biological material and can provide higher removal rates for organic material and suspended solids than suspended growth systems. Tertiary treatment provides a final stage to raise the effluent quality before it is discharged to the receiving environment (sea, river, lake, ground, etc.). More than one tertiary treatment process may be used at any treatment plant. If disinfection is practiced, it is always the final process. It is also called "effluent polishing". Technologies :
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